Big PC Geek Tech Blog

Eventually, we all have a spare or old computer we no longer need that is sitting around collecting dust. Some of us might get the idea to sell it but others may decide to give it to charity. Whatever the reason is, you must make sure you properly delete the data on the computer you are donating off of the hard disk.

It is a common misconception that reformatting a drive deletes the data on your hard drive. Actually, when you reformat a drive, you really just the the drive to forget where the data is. The drive in your computer may not show anything there but it is still there until it is written over by saving new data. With proper tools, data from a formatted drive can be recovered quite easily.

DBAN or Derik’s Boot and Nuke is a free utility that will really wipe all data from your drive. Instead of reformatting a drive, DBAN actually writes 0’s or blobs of data over your data. DBAN has a variety of options to overwrite data over and over multiple times for when you want to be really secure.

To find DBAN, do a Google search for "DBAN." Once there, read the instructions on how to create a bootable CD and run DBAN.

!!!Warning!!! If you use DBAN on your C drive, you will erase everything and never be able to recover anything again. This is exactly what you want to do if selling or giving away a computer.

If you have Windows Vista, you may have used that Power symbol button to turn off your computer or you may have not. The button is actually Microsoft’s improvement to Hibernation we all know so well from Windows XP. When you click the button Vista actually writes everything your are doing from Ram to your hard drive and puts the computer into a very low power state. The great idea behind doing this is so you can quickly return to your session without waiting for the computer to boot up.

So here is the process: You click the Power Button from the Start Menu, your computer writes your session to your hard drive, and finally the computer turns off. Once you do this, there is a bit of lag time where you can’t do anything because your system is being written to your hard disk but once it is finished, you are ready to go. when you want to turn on your computer, just hit the power button and log in if necessary. You will notice your computer will be ready in a few seconds, much faster than your normal boot up.

I have noticed while making tech house calls, that many people who have Vista don’t use it’s built in search from the Start Menu. You will be amazed how cool and quick it is. As soon as you start typing the the program, everything with that name in it starts to pop up and you can select the program or type the whole name and hit enter. If you are a slow typist, I can see why you would not use this feature but if not, you are missing out on some Vista efficiency. The cool part about Instant Search is that it gets faster the more you use it. Next time you click the start menu, try to type what you need. For an even quicker result, get in the habit of hitting the Windows key on your keyboard and then begin typing.

I don’t really get what the big deal is with social web sites like Facebook and Myspace but if it is where the people are, the rest will come. There is an epidemic of social network hacking that I want everyone to be aware of. This is pretty rampant because I have received this hack from many friends and have heard of many others. The simple way to not get hacked is pay attention.

There are two ways you will get hacked: an email is sent to you that is not connected to your account or a message from a friend is sent to you.

Here is how it works, a friend who has had their account hacked sends you a message about a comment they sent you. In the message it says, "click here to read the message" or something of that nature but what happens is Myspace says "you must be logged in to do that." Now if you think about it, you had to be logged in to read the email so you are really already logged in, the link to the message is actually a link to another web site that looks exactly like Myspace. This web site is called a phishing site and it is there to collect your username and password. Now the person who hacked your friends account has now hacked yours and then the same email is sent to all your friends and the cycle goes on.

You can also get hacked by a random spam email in your regular email inbox that says the same thing only it brings you to the same phishing web site.

So how do you stop this from happening! First, if you get an email and you think there is something in Myspace that needs your attention, actually type the web address for Myspace in your web browser. Never click links in email. If you are checking messages after you know you logged in and one of the links requires you to log in again, don’t do it! If this happens, forget about it and don’t try to find out what the message is. Just send a message from that friend asking if they sent a message and if not, they might have been hacked.

I think scams like this are fairly common with Youth because they don’t take the time to think about what they are doing. Just click, click, click, and get to wherever they need to be as quick as possible. It is becoming increasingly important to not trust email from our financial institutions. If you receive notice from your bank that there is a problem, don’t click any links in email, go directly to their web site via your web browser. If there is a problem with your account, they will tell you when you log in.

With identity theft on the rise and more parts of our lives moving to the computer, it is becoming increasingly important to protect our data. Most people are familiar with encryption and the idea of an encrypted file means that someone without the password cant tell what the encrypted file is, but few know that there are still ways to tell what is in those encrypted files.

If you have a hidden encrypted file but then un-encrypt it to view or change it, Windows will load the file in Ram memory, but if you are out of Ram, the file will be written to the hard drive. Swap file and paging files are some of the few ways Windows saves files and although you may think the file is not there, it is until it is overwritten. This is one way how forensic computer science works, it can be tedious but with proper tools, recovering secret files on computers is pretty easy for someone who knows what they are doing.

Telling people this is a double edged sword, I want the people who have a legit reason to hide their personal info to know this but I don’t want predators and thieves to know this. Windows Vista Ultimate and Vista Enterprise as well as the newest version of TrueCrypt offer what is known as full drive encryption. Full drive encryption means your whole C system drive is encrypted when you turn your computer on and off and everything within the drive is encrypted on the fly. Assuming you have a good password, someone looking anywhere on your C drive will see a blog of data with no apparent pattern. Windows Vista calls this BitLocker Drive Encryption which requires a new type of motherboard with TPM which saves a file on it or requires a USB key to boot your computer. TrueCrypt makes you create a CD. This makes any attempt of data recovery on your hard drive useless unless you create too simple of a password.

In order to keep your encrypted drive from being unlocked, you must come up with a strong password that cant be guess and when looked at appears to be random characters. The best way to do this is create your own algorithm that you will remember. Something like remember a long word or phrase but swap every other letter with a number and add 5 on one, multiply by 5 on the next, divide by 5, subtract 5 and so forth. You could do this for the letters too, when you want to spell "a" in a phrase, add 5 letters which is "f." When doing it for the number part, when you need the letter "a" and if it is at the beginning of the phrase, start at 0 and add 5, so you would put the number 5. Try not to do things like add 5 every other password because 5,a,10,b,15 is a pretty easy repetition. You could do something like add 3 and multiply by 2 every time which will give you different numbers every time with less of a pattern. Can you tell I am passionate about the subject? Sorry for rambling on…

If you have Windows Vista Business, Ultimate, or Enterprise, you have a cool feature called "Complete PC Backup and Restore" which allows you to create a full image of your system drive for backup or if you have a hardware failure. Unfortunately, if you have Vista Home Basic or Premium, this feature is not available to you. This is a really cool feature because it allows you to put your full Windows OS, installed programs, and data on another drive without having to do the usual restore and installation of all that software you have added since your first install. The time it will take to do this will be considerable faster than a full reinstall of Windows. You can use this to backup your hard drive or even use it to upgrade your hard disk to a bigger one.

Here is what you need to have if you have a defective disk or want to upgrade: 3 hard drives and your OS disc or 2 hard drives and a heck of a lot of DVD’s and time and your OS disc. (Don’t waste your time trying to backup your computer on 20 DVD’s, it is not worth your time.)

1. The first drive, the drive Vista is installed on has no use other than being the system disk.

2. The second drive will be the backup which you will need to have backed up prior to your OS drive failing. Don’t risk it, make a backup before you have an issue. This is the easy part, go into the Backup and Restore Center via the Control Panel and hit Back up Computer. The rest should be self explanatory.

3. The Scenario: Lets say at this point your OS system hard disk has failed or you want to upgrade your current drive to a bigger one. You will want to take out the failed drive or current working drive out of your computer. You will no longer need your OS drive.

4. Connect the new drive, make sure the drive with the backup on it is connected, and finally boot your computer with your system disc (Windows Vista install DVD). I should make a point that you cannot use any controller cards for this, all drives must be connected directly to the motherboard. You may also have to change the boot settings in your bios to boot from the Rom drive.

5. Windows Vista will now boot into the same screen that you see when you are going to install Vista, don’t worry. The first step is to click next when it asks what language you want, then select REPAIR WINDOWS! Do not select install Windows. Click next on the next step and click Restore Entire computer. Vista will then search for the backup you created on the drive, click next and Vista will install the image on your new drive.

You computer should now be the same as it was. A few more things you should know: If you put a bigger drive to replace the old one, you will have to expand it with Vista’s drive utility. If you have an OEM version of Windows, you technically are not supposed to change the system hard disk and it will say your copy of Vista is already in use. If you ask me, this is a crock and I would follow the steps to activate over the phone and talk the Microsoft about activating your OS. Retail version of Vista should be able to work with a new hard drive. If not, I don’t know why Vista would even have this feature. Really, this feature is amazing but it makes no sense to have available if you have a OEM version. If you build your own computer, you know what OEM means, if you buy your computer with Vista on it, you have OEM. Non OEM is when you buy Vista by itself in retail packaging in a retail store. I had an OEM version and was unable to activate my OS just after changing the hard drive. I promptly called Microsoft while following the steps to activate over the phone and answer all the questions they ask you honestly. I did this and they activated my copy.

Google Docs is the start of what is known as "Cloud Computing." The idea of cloud computing is to use all of your software on your computer online. Essentially, your computer is online and you create documents online. Not sure if cloud computing will take off but some may find uses for it.

Google’s Docs & Spreadsheets is a place online where you can for free, create documents, edit them, share them with people, and even allow people to edit your docs. Currently, there are not many uses for me for this service right now buy who knows what they might improve in the future that will draw me in.  Once use I find that is really useful with Google docs is the ability for people to edit the docs and other people to view them online. Lets say I create a web site and I need many people to add information to the site but they have no clue about FTP and I don’t want them to mess around with anything else in the site. I am able to actually create a Google Doc online, embed it in a web page, and allow whomever I want the ability to edit the document. They don’t have to know anything about web sites and they can log in and edit the document on their own. This is really convenient in any community based web site.

Well, good luck and happy document creating.

It has been my opinion for quite some time that defraging your hard drive every week it overkill and too intensive on your hard drive. I have no idea if the way Vista defrags your hard drive is with less stress on the drive than XP but Vista by default automatically defrags your drive every week. At this point, until I have more information, I recommend you modify the setting to defrag hard drive to only once a month. To do this, right click on your hard drive, select "properties," then the "tools" tab, "defragment now," and finally "Modify Schedule." In the Modify Schedule box which is called Disk Defragmenter, you can select a different schedule and it should change the schedule for all drives you have in your computer.

If you don’t want your computer to defrag your drives on a schedule, just uncheck the box, "Run on a Schedule (recommended)," when in the Disk Defragmenter dialog box is open. When you want to do a defrag, just go back to the Disk Defragmenter dialog box and select, "Defragment Now."

Windows Vista has a cool auto-preview that will allow you to preview select files in Windows Explorer by clicking the file once. All you have to do is click the "Organize" button, select "Layout," and "Preview Pane." Now when you click once on a picture or word document you will see it preview in the right side of the right side of Windows Explorer. Some files take longer to preview than others but it is a great start on Microsoft’s part. Once you click on a particular file and it opens, any other file types that are the same extension will open much faster. For example, if you click on a Word doc and it takes a few seconds to open, you find any other word files will preview very quickly.

This tip assumes you have successfully installed your new hard drive and the jumper settings are correct.

Most people think they have to use the software CD that comes with their purchased hard drive simply because they don’t see the hard drive in Windows when they turn on the computer. This is simply not necessary because Windows has a tool built in to add a hard drive. All you need to do is right-click on My Computer or Computer depending if you have XP or Vista respectively, and select "Manage." This will bring up the Computer Management console. From there, click "Disk Management" in the left column. All of your drives will load. You will see your newly installed disk, right-click on whatever number it is and select New Volume and follow the steps. My mind is fuzzy at this point, but after this, you may need to right-click again to the area of the right of the disk number and select format.